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Analysis: The next generation metropolitan area must meet six requirements – LAN, MAN – communications industry
History shows that the development of communication networks, market demand, up, Metro asked to provide the network of structural adjustment and modernization.

Since the beginning of China’s Internet activity in 1994, the national carrier began to design and build their own network operates metropolitan man has undergone a process of development services, Internet and intense data provide good support. History shows that the development of communication networks, market demand, up, Metro asked to provide the network of structural adjustment and modernization.

real operational issues and the historical cost, are generally modern human ATM, SDH and MSTP form of coexistence, such as business development gradually revealed the following:

First, the construction company only major network, transmission network charge carriers unified, add or modify activities to make large-scale subway construction and the structure of a large number of parameters in the cycle Implementation of projects is long, difficult to deal with the rapidly changing community needs. In addition, several network transmission network services on the bearing, causing the transmission of less efficient transport network, can not play the greatest potential for human

Second, complex underground network of the heavy structure of the network, operators can offer high production costs, you can play high-end customers in the low-end customer can not provide low-cost access solution ;

third zones, urban density, MAN of several operators for the Department to make the user has access to the NCP. The use of fiber optic construction, the construction period is long, slow, is not conducive to rapid deployment operations. Among them, China Unicom, as a large number of fixed base stations provide access to another cable for microwave access, a microwave oven can in every corner of Beijing to deploy, with a degree of / > Various human technological bottlenecks present, the technical problems of man in the following areas:
1. Based on the circuit switched network, ISDN, DDN, VDSL line can provide a narrow bandwidth, the transmission distance is limited, difficult to establish the extent of the data network of the company, upgrading network drive. Thus, there was less acceptance of customers, market, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Railcom to provide a line;

2.ATM + IP network, but you can guarantee quality service, providing flexible bandwidth allocation, however, the most valuable elements of access, access is limited. For example, a customer can access the online 8E1 or STM-1 / 4 Huawei MA5103, the prices of several million dollars. Provides the following ports for the 8E1, or STM-1 / 4, there is flexibility in the bandwidth, transition bandwidth, easily lead to waste. At the same time, ATM networks need to carry SDH, the level of complexity, the leading provider of market China Unicom;

3.PDH, the SDH network can provide N x E1 or STM -1 / 4 of the port, the port type is limited if the user needs more ports, bridges need to install the proper equipment to increase the point of failure. The bandwidth allocation may be flexible, low bandwidth, such as the 5E1 line, can still be used to access E1 Ethernet bridge, for the tens of megabytes of bandwidth, users need to fill the STM -1 same port, followed by the installation of an adequate income, resulting in a severe loss of bandwidth, equipment to access the single node is so small and can meet many different needs for bandwidth band network bandwidth users, operators can provide large, green,

4.MSTP SDH network, pulling Ethernet, ATM, MPLS, RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) technology, the advantage of rich interface of business and the general increase in business Ethernet, ATM, MPLS, RPR and the ability of others to become more business in the reunification in the near future platform service delivery manifold. However, the data processing techniques because a portion of MSTP is in the interface card, subject to the GFP encapsulated in SDH frames for transmission, processing efficiency is not high. MSTP and built based on SDH technology, limited deployment of the SDH network and bandwidth limitations, despite the flexibility to allocate bandwidth, but when a large number of users access to broadband MSTP equally powerless. China Telecom, China Netcom was available in some large cities have business MSTP, other operators are rarely used in a wait state. The demand for next generation metro

As the use of technology Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM national backbone network has been able to achieve Tbit / s at the rate of transmission of Power Gigabit Ethernet LAN may also be required to provide timely support of business. Therefore, the improvement of the network is the bottleneck in the backbone between the MAN and LAN, still can not satisfy the market and technology development. Based on the above analysis, the generation nearest metropolitan area networks must meet the following requirements:

Amir Khan is presented as the next Manny Pacquiao in boxing

Nothing less than the legendary coach Manny “Pacman” Pacquiao, Freddie Roach is expected that the increase of British boxing star Amir Khan’s next boxing superstar like Pacman, delivers the best of world-renowned pound boxers today.

Roach, who is currently training in the gym Khan famous Wild Card in Los Angeles, Californiae> revealed that the boxer 22 years, has the power, skill and speed that Pacman for him in a future king of professional boxing.

The famous American boxing trainer said that the world will see how good it is when Khan takes Ukrainian Andreas Kotelnik by the WBA welterweight belt in Manchester on July 18. He said that as Pacman, his favorite disciple, Khan trains as hard as he could ask someone to be a formidable champion in the world and be recognized as the best fighter on the planet.

Roach said he was hopeful that after dethroning Kotelnik, Khan can make great fights from the likes of Juan Manuel Marquez, and even fellow British star Ricky Hatton boxing and Pacman which struck earlier this year. Khan, for his part expressed his joy for the great confidence of Roach to his talents as a boxer.

He said that the suffering and hard training session the previous heated Pacman fight he had with him a strong fighter and has a great opportunity to replace Kotelnik. The star of British boxing has said he will be a tough fight, but he expects to prevail over Kotelnik in their next fight.

The former Olympian said Kotelnik is a good boxing champion, but now is the time to shine and gain his only defeat against Breidis Prescott British boxing by a knockout in the first round against the humiliating her supporters. Before his fight against Kotelnik, Oisin Fagan Khan recently sent before Christmas and dismantled Marco Antonio Barrera in March.

Kotelnik previously said he will make an effort to win against Khan and show the world that is ready to take the next big step in his boxing career. He said he will give Khan a boxing lesson never forget their struggle as expected.

Kotelnik turned professional in 2000 and won his first fight before losing 23 to Souleymane M’baye in Paris in 2004 by split decision. In 2005, he lost a showdown with the European title of Junior Witter in a nearly unanimous decision, but later in the year, defeated former Olympic gold medalist Mohamad Abdulaeva. Kotelnik Gavin Rees won the WBA super lightweight on 22 March 2008 at Cardiff International Arena by TKO in 12 rounds and successfully defended the first time in her hometown of Lviv against the Japanese champion Norio Kimu.

Despite the odds against him, even if he is the champion, Kotelnik, who won the silver medal in the lightweight 2000 Olympic Games, for its part also expressed his confidence to quickly respond to Khan entry.

The Ukrainian boxing champion said he has studied the movements of Khan and use his experience to defeat him and keep his crown. He said that the days of their struggle and show the world how good it is like a boxing champion by defeating Khan against his own people. Khan and Kotelnik fans should take the time to watch the fight live.

Boxing fans looking to see a fight exciting world class title should make a point to see Khan fight live Kotelnik. rel = October 2011

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